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Trocars are medical devices most frequently used in laparoscopic surgery of the abdomen. The instrument is composed of three main parts: the cannula, the obturator, and a seal. The cannula is the tube-shaped shaft that enters the abdominal or thoracic cavity during the surgical procedure. The obturator is the tool on the end of the trocar that makes the initial penetration into the abdomen. The seal is located at the top of the cannula and is designed to allow instruments to pass through the cannula without allowing carbon dioxide to escape from the abdominal cavity.

Laparoscopic trocars are available in a wide range of lengths. The sizes generally range between 3mm diameter trocars and 12mm diameter trocars. The two main types of trocars are bladed trocars, or cutting trocars; and bladeless trocars, also categorized as blunt tip trocars or dilating trocars. Bladed trocars feature a sharp metal or plastic blade that can cut through tissue during insertion. Bladeless trocars dilates instead of cuts tissue under pressure.

Various designs of modern trocars are available for different purposes. Single-use, or disposable trocars, are only used during one procedure and require less pressure to insert. Reusable trocars need to be sterilized between uses, and feature either a conical or pyramidal tip.